ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all societies worldwide. The heightened levels of stress that accompanied the crisis were also expected to affect parenting in many families. Since it is known that high levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to a condition that has severe consequences for health and well-being, we examined whether the prevalence of parental burnout in 26 countries (9,923 parents;75% mothers;mean age 40) increased during COVID-19 compared to few years before the pandemic. In most (but not all) countries, analyses showed a significant increase in the prevalence of parental burnout during the pandemic. The results further revealed that next to governmental measures (e.g., number of days locked down, homeschooling) and factors at the individual and family level (e.g., gender, number of children), parents in less (vs. more) indulgent countries suffered more from parental burnout. The findings suggest that stricter norms regarding their parenting roles and duties in general and during the pandemic in particular might have increased their levels of parental burnout. © 2022 Hogrefe Publishing.
ABSTRACT
The shipping industry is currently navigating an era of unprecedented uncertainty, brought upon by the effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the advancements in digital technologies and digitization, and the ever-increasing importance of the environmental performance. The shipping industry in its efforts to reduce its environmental footprint has targeted a 50% reduction of its GHG emissions by 2050, benchmarked to 2008 levels. In this respect, the development of marine type ammonia (NH3)-powered Fuel Cells (FCs) is a prominent solution, as liquid NH3 has very good safety (fire and explosion) and energy characteristics and its use as a marine fuel in FCs can result in efficient power generation with excellent environmental performance. Nonetheless, prior to its wider acceptance by the maritime community the NH3 related technologies must prove that they are at least as safe as the existing systems. This is addressed in the present research. In detail, this paper identifies the main hazards associated with NH3 FCs and subsequently examines their impact on the overall system to further gauge the risk. This methodology includes the novel combination of a systematic Hazard Identification (HAZID) process with a functional and modelbased approach for simulating the impact of various hazards. © 2021 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).